![]() ![]() Possibly one of the most difficult problems electric vehicles will create is the increased demand for critical minerals such as lithium, manganese and cobalt. “But there will be a challenge in terms of the technical resources, of building up the grid fast enough.” Critical Minerals These are not prohibitively expensive technologies anymore,” Posen says. “Solar and wind have gotten much cheaper than they used to be. ![]() We have to move to a path of decarbonization, but we have to choose that path very soberly” – Teresa Kramarz, an assistant professor at U of T’s School of the Environmentįor example, when you take emissions from manufacturing into account, an EV using electricity in a place like coal-dependent West Virginia will emit about six per cent more greenhouse gases over its entire lifetime than a gas-powered vehicle of the same size, according to Posen’s study. The problem is especially challenging because, to get the full benefit of EVs, the electricity that powers them – and how they’re manufactured – should be green. If not, you could end up with an EV that creates more greenhouse gases than an efficient gasoline-powered car. Posen says that there’s no similar analysis for Canada, but this country will likely face similar challenges in ramping up its electricity production. could get that many EVs on the road that quickly, it would have to increase the electricity it generates by 1,700 terawatt-hours per year – or by about 40 per cent of its total production in 2021. Considering how long cars last, that would probably mean by 2035 every new car sold would have to be electric. would need 90 per cent of all passenger vehicles on the road to be electric – 350 million vehicles. would need to electrify transport in order to meet emission goals that would keep warming to less than two degrees.īy 2050, the U.S. To get an idea of the scale of the problem, Posen, along with Heather MacLean, a professor in U of T’s department of civil and mineral engineering, and postdoctoral researcher Alexandre Milovanoff, looked at how quickly the U.S. But relying solely on electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions from transportation may not be enough, especially if we want to do it in time to stop a catastrophic two-degree rise in global temperatures. Illustration by Tycoĭaniel Posen is an associate professor in U of T’s department of civil and mineral engineering, and the Canada Research Chair in system-scale environmental impacts of energy and transport technologies. Canada is currently considering regulations that would require automakers to ensure that 60 per cent of new passenger vehicles available for sale in 2030 are zero-emission, rising to 100 per cent by 2035. In Canada, all-electric vehicles accounted for seven per cent of new car sales at the beginning of 2023.Īt the UN Climate Change Conference in 2022, the Accelerating to Zero Coalition pledged to make all new cars and vans zero-emission by 2035 in leading markets, and by 2040 globally. Globally, electric cars made up 14 per cent of new sales in 2022, according to the International Energy Agency. The transition to electric vehicles is already well on its way. “We don’t want to fall into the trap of thinking that if we support electric vehicles, we’ve solved the problem.” ![]() But just electrification will not get us there,” says Marianne Hatzopoulou, a professor in U of T’s department of civil and mineral engineering. “There is no future without electrification. ![]() And as we ramp up their use, they will create new problems that will have to be solved, warn U of T researchers who study transportation and climate. Platinum Ore is among the slowest ores to smelt, with one refinery producing 5 kg of ingots in an hour of game time, without speed or Yield Modules included, at "realistic" refinery speed.As more electric vehicles hum past on city streets, and more charging stations appear on roads and in parking garages, it’s easy to imagine that we are winning the fight against climate change, one electric car at a time.īut electric vehicles by themselves are not a silver bullet to the problem of transportation pollution and climate change. 1 kg of Platinum Ingots take up 0.05 L of volume. Refine Platinum Ore in a Refinery to produce Platinum Ingots at a 0.48% ratio, which is to say, 1000 kg of ore will yield 4.8 kg of Platinum Ingots (without Upgrade Modules installed). The Platinum ingots are essential to make items such as Ion Thruster Components, elite tools and elite handheld weapons, and Rockets. The ore vein is light gray, very similar in texture to Silver Ore, with whitish streaks, and barely visible against gray asteroids in space from a distance. Platinum ore only exists on moons and asteroids and is quite difficult to find. Platinum Ore is a very rare, naturally occurring ore. ![]()
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